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Kristel's notes for the first part: 1. Introduction 2. Models of bilingual education in the US  a. Two main types of bilingual education- start in the elementary schools (FLES and DBE) b. Bilingual child acquisition c. Foreign Language in Elementary School (FLES) 1. Content based approach- What is conent based? a. Teaching the language via other content and instruction areas such as math, or science. b. “Content-based FLES teaches real language usage while at the same time reinforcing the elementary school curriculum” ( Heining-Boynton  58) <span style="margin-left: 3.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -3.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> i. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Real, meaningful, age appropriate content and context <span style="margin-left: 3.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -3.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ii. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Takes lessons that would work on in an elementary school normally and uses the L2 to discuss the topic in-depth <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">c. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Was wide spread in the US in 1950’s and 1960’s but by the 1970’s had almost vanished from the elementary level ( Heining-Boynton  58) <span style="margin-left: 3.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -3.0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> i. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Declined because of lack of teachers, meaningful curriculum, realistic goals and objectives of the programs, lack of parents support <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">d. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1991 5 states mandated early foreign education( Heining-Boynton  58) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">e. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is a way for students to learn an L2 while learning the normal elementary school content <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">f. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Many ways in which schools structure these types of programs (all day or part of the day, or a gradual increase) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">g. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Theory behind it is that it doesn’t matter what language you learn the content in you can apply it to both languages <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">d. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DBE-( // developmental bilingual education ) often also called //Dual Language or Bilingual Immersion <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> i. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Orvando and Collier define as “an integrated model in which speakers of [two] languages are placed together in a bilingual classroom to learn each others’ language and work academically in both languages.” <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ii. <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">students are taught a second language by subject-matter instruction the teachers work to emphasis contextual clues and with lessons geared to students’ level of competence <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">50/50- dual language model- one way or two way immersion <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Typically include students that have limited English and fluent English in the same classrooms <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Time allotted for each language – variations on how this is due such as morning vs afternoon or switching days <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">c. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Use of one language 50% of time in class and the other of 50% of the class <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">d. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Students with different L1’s in the same class <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">e. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Challenge for each student differently depending on their L1  <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">90-10 enrichment models <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">English used 90% of time in early grades and gradually increase time in the L2 until 6th grade when the time in each language is equal (Freeman and Freeman) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">e. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">All of these models promote: Biliteracy <span style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> i. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The ability to read and write in more than two language <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These are only examples of the types of models, which exist. There are many more variations on these models in existence.